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Malay | Punjabi Shahmukhi | |
---|---|---|
Family | Austronesian | Indo-European, Indo-Aryan |
Speakers | Approximately 88 million speakers (including Indonesian and other Malay dialects) | Approximately 130 million (includes speakers of both Gurmukhi and Shahmukhi scripts) |
Features | Widely spoken in Southeast Asia, Malay is known for its simplicity in grammar, especially in terms of verb conjugation and lack of inflection | Written in a modified Perso-Arabic script; primarily used by Punjabi speakers in Pakistan and some parts of India. Unlike Gurmukhi, Shahmukhi is written from right to left. |
Countries | Malaysia, Indonesia (as Indonesian), Brunei, Singapore, Thailand (southern provinces) | Pakistan (primary script for Punjabi), India (minority use), and Punjabi-speaking diaspora communities |
Writing System | Latin script (Rumi) and Arabic script (Jawi) | Shahmukhi script (Perso-Arabic script with additional characters) |
Tonal | No | Yes, tonal distinctions are important for meaning |
Grammatical Cases | No, uses prepositions and word order instead of grammatical cases | No, relies on word order and postpositions |
Derived From | Old Malay, influenced by Sanskrit, Arabic, and later Portuguese, Dutch, and English | Perso-Arabic script, adapted for Punjabi phonology |
Loanwords | From Sanskrit, Arabic, Portuguese, Dutch, English, and Chinese | From Arabic, Persian, and English |
Dialects | Includes Malaysian Malay, Indonesian Malay (Indonesian), Brunei Malay, Kedah Malay, Kelantanese Malay, and others | Includes Majhi, Doabi, Malwai, Pothohari, and others. Standard Shahmukhi is based on the Majhi dialect spoken around Lahore. |
Alphabets | A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z | ا, ب, پ, ت, ٹ, ث, ج, چ, ح, خ, د, ڈ, ذ, ر, ڑ, ز, ژ, س, ش, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ع, غ, ف, ق, ک, گ, ل, م, ن, ں, و, ہ, ء, ی, ے |
Yes, this text translation from Malay to Punjabi Shahmukhi is completely free
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Yes, we use Google API for translatio. So translation is accurate
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