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Kiga | Madurese | |
---|---|---|
Family | Niger-Congo, Bantu | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian |
Speakers | Approximately 1.6 million | Approximately 13.5 million |
Features | A Bantu language closely related to Rukiga and Runyankore; known for its noun class system, tonal distinctions, and rich oral tradition. | A language with distinct phonetic features, such as a reduced vowel inventory and a preference for glottal stops; it exhibits a high degree of mutual unintelligibility with Javanese despite geographic proximity. |
Countries | Uganda (primarily in the Kigezi region, southwestern Uganda) | Indonesia (primarily on Madura Island and in parts of East Java, including Surabaya and surrounding areas) |
Writing System | Latin script | Latin script (modern use), previously Javanese and Pegon scripts (Arabic-derived script) |
Tonal | Yes, tones are used to distinguish meaning | No |
Grammatical Cases | No, uses noun class prefixes and concords | No, uses prepositions and affixes to mark relationships |
Derived From | Proto-Bantu | Proto-Malayo-Polynesian |
Loanwords | From English, Swahili, and Luganda | From Javanese, Sanskrit, Arabic, and Dutch |
Dialects | Kiga is closely related to Runyankore, and the two are sometimes considered dialects of a single language, though they are distinct in pronunciation and vocabulary. | Includes Bangkalan, Sumenep, and Pamekasan dialects, with significant lexical and phonological differences |
Alphabets | A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, R, S, T, U, W, Y, Z | A, B, C, D, E, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, R, S, T, U, W, Y, Z |
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