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Jawi | Madurese | |
---|---|---|
Family | Arabic script derivative | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian |
Speakers | Used by speakers of Malay and related Austronesian languages | Approximately 13.5 million |
Features | An Arabic script adapted for writing the Malay language and several other languages in Southeast Asia, incorporates additional letters to accommodate phonemes not present in Arabic | A language with distinct phonetic features, such as a reduced vowel inventory and a preference for glottal stops; it exhibits a high degree of mutual unintelligibility with Javanese despite geographic proximity. |
Countries | Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, Singapore, and southern Thailand | Indonesia (primarily on Madura Island and in parts of East Java, including Surabaya and surrounding areas) |
Writing System | Extended Arabic script | Latin script (modern use), previously Javanese and Pegon scripts (Arabic-derived script) |
Tonal | No | No |
Grammatical Cases | No, Malay as written in Jawi follows the grammatical structure of standard Malay | No, uses prepositions and affixes to mark relationships |
Derived From | Arabic script, with modifications to represent the sounds of Malay | Proto-Malayo-Polynesian |
Loanwords | From Arabic, Sanskrit, Portuguese, Dutch, and English | From Javanese, Sanskrit, Arabic, and Dutch |
Dialects | Used across various dialects of Malay and related languages, with local variations in usage and additional letters for regional sounds | Includes Bangkalan, Sumenep, and Pamekasan dialects, with significant lexical and phonological differences |
Alphabets | ا (‘alif), ب (ba), ت (ta), ث (tha), ج (jim), ح (ha), خ (kha), د (dal), ذ (dhal), ر (ra), ز (zai), س (sin), ش (shin), ص (sad), ض (dad), ط (ta), ظ (dha), ع (‘ain), غ (ghain), ف (fa), ق (qaf), ك (kaf), ل (lam), م (mim), ن (nun), و (wau), ه (ha), ي (ya) | A, B, C, D, E, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, R, S, T, U, W, Y, Z |
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