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Japanese | Bengali | |
---|---|---|
Family | Japonic | Indo-European, Indo-Aryan |
Speakers | Approximately 128 million | Approximately 230 million native speakers, 37 million second-language speakers |
Features | Characterized by a complex honorific system reflecting social hierarchy | Known for its rich literary heritage, poetic structure, and phonetic spelling; the second most spoken language in India and the official language of Bangladesh |
Countries | Primarily Japan | Bangladesh (official), India (official in West Bengal, Tripura, and Assam), diaspora communities worldwide |
Writing System | Combination of three scripts: Kanji (Chinese characters), Hiragana, and Katakana | Bengali script (a Brahmic script) |
Tonal | No, but pitch accent is present | No |
Grammatical Cases | Yes, marked by particles rather than inflections | Yes, nominative, accusative, and genitive; uses postpositions |
Derived From | Old Japanese, with influences from Chinese, Portuguese, Dutch, and English | Magadhi Prakrit and Sanskrit |
Loanwords | Significant number from Chinese, with recent borrowings from English and other European languages | From Sanskrit, Persian, Arabic, Portuguese, and English |
Dialects | Includes Tokyo Japanese, Kansai Japanese, Hakata Japanese, and many others | Standard Bengali (Calcutta), Rangpuri, Sylheti, Chittagonian, and others, with significant phonological and lexical differences |
Alphabets | Hiragana: あ (a), い (i), う (u), え (e), お (o), か (ka), き (ki), く (ku), け (ke), こ (ko), さ (sa), し (shi), す (su), せ (se), そ (so), た (ta), ち (chi), つ (tsu), て (te), と (to), な (na), に (ni), ぬ (nu), ね (ne), の (no), は (ha), ひ (hi), ふ (fu), へ (he), ほ (ho), ま (ma), み (mi), む (mu), め (me), も (mo), や (ya), ゆ (yu), よ (yo), ら (ra), り (ri), る (ru), れ (re), ろ (ro), わ (wa), を (wo), ん (n) Katakana:ア (a), イ (i), ウ (u), エ (e), オ (o), カ (ka), キ (ki), ク (ku), ケ (ke), コ (ko), サ (sa), シ (shi), ス (su), セ (se), ソ (so), タ (ta), チ (chi), ツ (tsu), テ (te), ト (to), ナ (na), ニ (ni), ヌ (nu), ネ (ne), ノ (no), ハ (ha), ヒ (hi), フ (fu), ヘ (he), ホ (ho), マ (ma), ミ (mi), ム (mu), メ (me), モ (mo), ヤ (ya), ユ (yu), ヨ (yo), ラ (ra), リ (ri), ル (ru), レ (re), ロ (ro), ワ (wa), ヲ (wo), ン (n) | অ, আ, ই, ঈ, উ, ঊ, ঋ, এ, ঐ, ও, ঔ, ক, খ, গ, ঘ, ঙ, চ, ছ, জ, ঝ, ঞ, ট, ঠ, ড, ঢ, ণ, ত, থ, দ, ধ, ন, প, ফ, ব, ভ, ম, য, র, ল, শ, ষ, স, হ, ড়, ঢ়, য়, ক্ষ, জ্ঞ |
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