datum

(plural: data) A measurement of something on a scale understood by both the recorder (a person or device) and the reader (another person or device). The scale is arbitrarily defined, such as from 1 to 10 by ones, 1 to 100 by 0.1, or simply true or false, on or off, yes, no, or maybe, etc.

(plural: data) A fact known from direct observation.

(plural: data) A premise from which conclusions are drawn.

(plural: datums) A fixed reference point, or a coordinate system.

To provide missing data points by using a mathematical model to extrapolate values that are outside the range of a measuring device.